In web development, caching is a key component. It stores frequently-accessed resources into temporary in memory databases (caches). The goal of this technology is to reduce server load and speed up requests from clients. Redis and Memcached are two of the most popular solutions for in-memory storage used by web developers. Memcached and Redis are both open-source solutions with powerful caching features, a distributed architecture, and easy scaling.
Let’s look at Redis vs. Memcached and their pros and cons. We will also discuss some common uses so you can select the best one for your project.
Memcached and Redis: What is the difference?
Memcached & Redis look similar on the surface. The open-source nature of Memcached and Redis has allowed for a large community to support them. Memcached is one of the oldest caching solutions and has been widely adopted by many organizations. Redis, a much younger solution, has become popular due to its extensive feature set.
Both solutions offer libraries and drivers for popular programming languages and frameworks. Both solutions are constantly evolving in order to meet the ever-changing needs of the web application ecosystem.
These solutions differ in several ways, and it is important to select the best one for your project. Let’s look at some of the key features.
What is Memcached?
Memcached, a distributed memory object cache system with high performance, is an excellent choice for those who want to reduce database strain. Its main purpose is to caching frequently accessed data in order to reduce database load and enable faster response times.
Memcached places a strong emphasis on speed and simplicity. It has a simple key-value model, which allows for easy access to data without the need for complex query languages.
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The Memcached Logo
What is Redis?
Redis is a data structure in memory store that can be used for caching. Its functionality goes beyond the traditional caching system, as it supports a wide range of data types. It also supports transactions which ensure that grouped commands are executed sequentially and without interruption to maintain consistency in data modification operations. Redis allows publish/subscribe messages to facilitate highly scalable communication between application components.
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The Redis Logo
Compare Memcached with Redis
There are some key differences between Memcached, Redis and other high-performance caches.
Data Structures & Storage
Memcached, which is a simple key/value store, supports small data types such as strings and objects. It is ideal for applications requiring simple caching functionality and quick key-based search. It’s therefore not suitable for complex use cases requiring advanced data manipulation techniques.
Redis also supports a wider range of data types, such as strings, hashes and sets. This flexibility allows more complex use-cases, such as real-time analysis or retrieving data based on location.
Performance and Scalability
Memcached places a high priority on performance and response times. It can also be scaled vertically to allow you to add additional servers to your caching pool in order to handle increased traffic.
Redis provides comparable performance for caching simple tasks, but also offers additional features to support more complex use cases. It allows for asynchronous, non-blocking operations to allow your application handle multiple concurrent tasks. This feature improves performance when the workload is heavy. Redis supports horizontal scaling with clusters, which allows for continuous operations even if one or more nodes fail.
Persistence and Durability
Memcached is a memory-only cache, which means that it only stores data in RAM. It does not have built-in persistence. This ensures high performance and low latency data access. Memcached does not automatically save data if the system fails. Fortunately, the latest versions of Memcached support data recovery following a restart as well as persistent memory through DAX mounts.
Redis, on the other hand, offers two different methods of data persistence: snapshotting (a snapshot is a snapshot) and append only file (AOF). Snapshotting is the process of taking snapshots and saving them to disk after a certain time. AOF, on the other hand, is a durable method which involves appending commands to AOF in order to modify data. This method, unlike snapshotting allows Redis data to be fully reconstructed in the event of a restart or system failure.
Features and Extensibility
Memcached is a caching system that takes a straightforward, simple approach. It excels in this area, but its limited support of data types limits its ability to handle complex data modeling or perform specialized functions. These constraints limit Memcached’s extensibility for scenarios that require advanced data structures or data manipulation techniques.
Redis also offers many features, in addition to caching. These include transactions, publish/subscribe messages, and Lua scripting. Transactions enable you to run multiple commands in one atomic step, ensuring data consistency. Pub/sub messaging allows message-based communication among application components. This feature can be used to implement real time messaging, chat rooms and event-driven architectural designs. Lua scripting enables you to run server-side scripts that perform complex data transformations and operations.
Memcached and Redis: Web Development
Although Memcached & Redis have some similar caching features, they each have their own unique features that are targeted at different use cases.
Memcached Use cases
Memcached works best for:
Memcached reduces the need for repeated database queries by storing frequently accessed data, such as query results, in memory. This leads to faster response times and improved application performance. Memcached can reduce the number of database queries by storing frequently used data, like query results, in memory. This leads to faster application response times.
Redis Use Cases
Redis is most suitable for:
Redis allows for caching more complex data models and provides specialized operations for each supported data type. Redis supports caching of more complex data types and offers specialized operations. Message brokering with publish/subscribe, analytics in real-time, and search. Redis is a popular choice because of its “pub/sub”, or messaging, functionality. Low latency makes it ideal for real-time data processing and analytics. Redis also offers powerful search features, such as Redisearch. This allows for efficient data indexing, searching, and data retrieval. Projects that require data durability and persistence. Redis provides optional data persistence mechanisms, such as snapshotting and append only files (AOF), which allow data to saved on disk and recovered following system failures and restarts. Redis is a good choice for projects that need data persistence. This includes user sessions, transactional information, and caching critical information.
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There is no “best” choice between Memcached and Redis, but only the one that best suits your project. It is important to understand the unique strengths and features of each solution before deciding which one works best for you.
Memcached is a popular solution, but for different reasons. Memcached is a great choice for projects that have simple caching requirements because of its focus on simplicity and performance. Redis is a better option if you require more advanced caching features and functionalities.
Our Managed WordPress Hosting at Kinsta has built-in page caching, which is enhanced by edge cache on Cloudflare’s servers all over the world. We still recommend Redis for persistent object caching on sites or portions of sites when page cache is not recommended, such as during ecommerce or when displaying content specific to members.
Memcached or Redis? Choose your in-memory cache.
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